PHP安装扩展与编译配置

PHP安装扩展与编译配置

PHP的扩展安装是环境配置的基本操作。从包管理器安装到源码编译，今天说说各种方式。

检查已安装的扩展。

```php
function listExtensions(): void
{
$extensions = get_loaded_extensions();
sort($extensions);
echo "已安装 " . count($extensions) . " 个扩展:\n";
foreach (array_chunk($extensions, 5) as $chunk) {
echo " " . implode(', ', $chunk) . "\n";
}
}

listExtensions();
echo "\nPDO驱动: " . implode(', ', PDO::getAvailableDrivers()) . "\n";
?>
```

php.ini的常用配置项。

```php
function getPhpConfig(): array
{
return [
'version' => PHP_VERSION,
'os' => PHP_OS,
'sapi' => php_sapi_name(),
'memory_limit' => ini_get('memory_limit'),
'max_execution_time' => ini_get('max_execution_time'),
'post_max_size' => ini_get('post_max_size'),
'upload_max_filesize' => ini_get('upload_max_filesize'),
'date.timezone' => date_default_timezone_get(),
'display_errors' => ini_get('display_errors'),
'opcache.enable' => ini_get('opcache.enable'),
'opcache.jit' => ini_get('opcache.jit'),
];
}

print_r(getPhpConfig());
?>
```

检查扩展是否安装成功。

```php
function checkExtension(string $name): array
{
$loaded = extension_loaded($name);
$info = ['name' => $name, 'loaded' => $loaded];
if ($loaded) {
$info['version'] = phpversion($name) ?: '未知';
if ($name === 'pdo') $info['drivers'] = PDO::getAvailableDrivers();
if ($name === 'redis') $info['redis_available'] = true;
}
return $info;
}

echo json_encode(checkExtension('pdo'), JSON_PRETTY_PRINT) . "\n";
echo json_encode(checkExtension('mbstring'), JSON_PRETTY_PRINT) . "\n";
?>
```

编译安装PHP扩展的基本步骤。

```bash
# 下载扩展源码
# wget https://pecl.php.net/get/redis-6.0.2.tgz
# tar -xzf redis-6.0.2.tgz
# cd redis-6.0.2

# 准备编译环境
# phpize
# ./configure
# make
# make install

# 启用扩展
# echo "extension=redis.so" > /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/redis.ini
```

PHP版本升级检查。

```php
function checkUpgradeReadiness(): array
{
$issues = [];

if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '8.0', '<')) {
$issues[] = '当前版本 ' . PHP_VERSION . ' 已停止安全支持';
}

$recommended = ['mbstring', 'pdo_mysql', 'json', 'curl', 'gd', 'xml', 'openssl', 'sodium', 'bcmath'];
foreach ($recommended as $ext) {
if (!extension_loaded($ext)) {
$issues[] = "推荐安装扩展: $ext";
}
}

return ['php_version' => PHP_VERSION, 'issues' => $issues, 'ready' => empty($issues)];
}

print_r(checkUpgradeReadiness());
?>
```

PHP的安装和扩展配置是开发环境搭建的基础。生产环境建议用包管理器安装，确保安全更新及时。开发环境可以用Docker，环境一致性好。