python用openpyxl操作excel-单元格操作
import logging import com.pro001.log.pro_log_config as pro_log_config #参见另一篇博文 from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Side, PatternFill, Border import os import datetime import random import pandas as pd def create_sn(prefix, output_len=4): '''生成含有前缀并至少带指定长度格式的序列号， 格式：prefix_d0{output_len}1''' if output_len < 1: output_len = 1 sn = 0 while True: sn += 1 if len(str(sn)) > output_len: # 当大于指定位数时直接加上位数 yield f'{prefix}' + str(sn) else: yield f'{prefix}' + '{:0{}}'.format(sn, output_len) def excel_cell_operate(base_file_path): """ excel文件指定sheet指定单元格操作 """ try: if not os.path.exists(base_file_path): os.makedirs(base_file_path) logger.error(f'已创建文件路径：{base_file_path}') dt_str = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S') file_path_name = 'F' + dt_str + '.xlsx' file_path_name = os.path.join(base_file_path, file_path_name) wb = Workbook() # 1，获取第一个sheet对象，并设置为活动sheet ws = wb.worksheets[0] wb.active = ws # 2，单元格写入值 # 2.1，根据坐标逐个单元格写入值，完成一行数据 ws['A1'] = '报案号' ws['B1'] = '姓名' ws['C1'] = '年龄' ws['D1'] = '行号' # 2.2，根据行列方式逐个单元格写入值一行数据，循环可写入多行数据 cno = create_sn('UCN02000', 4) for i in range(1,5): new_max_num = ws.max_row + 1 ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=1, value=f'{next(cno)}') ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=2, value=f'姓名{random.randint(1,99):03d}') ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=3, value=str(random.randint(1,99))) ws.cell(row=new_max_num, column=4, value=str(new_max_num)) # 3,读取单元格数据 # 3.1，根据坐标方式读取单元格数据 row02_cel01 = ws['A2'].value # 3.2，根据行列方式读取单元格数据 row02_cel02 = ws.cell(row=2, column=2).value row02_cel03 = ws.cell(row=2, column=3).value row02_cel04 = ws.cell(row=2, column=4).value logger.info(f'row02 data:{row02_cel01} - {row02_cel02} - {row02_cel03} - {row02_cel04}') # 3.3，遍历当前活动sheet的所有单元格 max_cell_num = ws.max_column max_row_num = ws.max_row for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=2, max_row=max_row_num, min_col=1, max_col=max_cell_num): print('row data:', end='') for cell in row: print(cell.value, end=' - ') print('') # 4，单元格合并操作 # 4.1，当前活动sheet中根据坐标合并单元格 ws.merge_cells('A7:D8') ws['A7'] = f'合并之后单元格的值{random.randint(10,100)}' # 4.2，根据行列范围合并单元格方式 ws.merge_cells(start_row=9, start_column=1, end_row=10, end_column=5) ws.cell(row=9, column=1, value=f'合并之后单元格的值{random.randint(90,200)}') # 5，拆分单元格 # 5.1，方式一为指定坐标拆分单元格 #ws.unmerge_cells('A7:D8') # 5.2，方式二为指定行列范围单元格 ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=9, start_column=1, end_row=10, end_column=5) # 6，行数据的插入和删除 # 6.1，在当前活动sheet中某行（如11行）之前插入 1 行数据， ws.cell(row=11, column=1, value=f'{next(cno)}') ws.cell(row=11, column=2, value=f'姓名{random.randint(1, 20):03d}') ws.cell(row=11, column=3, value=str(random.randint(1, 99))) ws.cell(row=11, column=4, value=str(11)) # 6.2，在当前活动sheet中某行（如11行）之后插入 5 行数据， # 实际是在 12 行之前插入，插入都是在目标行之前插入，只是改变下标就可看作是目标位的前或后 for i in range(12, 17): ws.cell(row=i, column=1, value=f'{next(cno)}') ws.cell(row=i, column=2, value=f'姓名{random.randint(1, 20):03d}') ws.cell(row=i, column=3, value=str(random.randint(1, 99))) ws.cell(row=i, column=4, value=str(i)) print(f'第{i}数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[i]]}') # 6.3，删除某行数据，例如第 3 行数据 print(f'第3行删除前数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[3]]}') ws.delete_rows(idx=3) # 6.4，删除多行数据，例如第 12 开始，删除 2 行数据 print(f'第12行删除前数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[12]]}') print(f'第13行删除前数据：{[cell.value for cell in ws[13]]}') ws.delete_rows(idx=12, amount=2) # 7，列数据的插入和删除 # 7.1，在当前活动sheet中某列（如第5列）之前插入 1 列数据， ws.insert_cols(idx=5) ws.cell(row=1, column=5, value=f'Cell05') col_letter = ws.cell(row=1, column=5).column_letter ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = 13 #设定列宽 # 初始化第5列数据 for row_idx in range(2, ws.max_row+1): ws.cell(row=row_idx, column=5, value=f'val{row_idx:02d}-05') # 7.2，在当前活动sheet中某列（如第5列）之后插入 6 列数据， for cel_idx in range(5, 11): ws.insert_cols(idx=cel_idx) ws.cell(row=1, column=cel_idx, value=f'Cell{cel_idx:02d}') col_letter = ws.cell(row=1, column=cel_idx).column_letter ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = 13 #设定列宽 # 给新添加的第5-11列进行初始化值 for row_idx in range(2, ws.max_row+1): for col_idx in range(5, 11): ws.cell(row=row_idx, column=col_idx, value=f'val{row_idx:02d}-{col_idx:02d}') col_letter = ws.cell(row=row_idx, column=cel_idx).column_letter ws.column_dimensions[col_letter].width = 13 # 设定列宽 # 7.3，从第 7 列开始，删除后面 2 列，无 amount 参数则默认删除后面1列 ws.delete_cols(idx=7, amount=2) # 保存wb对象 wb.save(file_path_name) logger.info(f'文件{file_path_name}单元格操作成功！') except Exception as e: logger.error(f'生成Excel文件见：{file_path_name},单元格操作失败，info:\n{e}') def main(): """主函数""" base_dir = r'F:\appData\tempExcel' excel_cell_operate(base_dir) if __name__ == '__main__': print('-' * 60) main()
