AVL树的模拟实现:
#include<iostream> #include<assert.h> using namespace std; template<class K, class V> struct AVLTreeNode { // 需要parent指针,后续更新平衡因子可以看到 pair<K, V> _kv; AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _left; AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _right; AVLTreeNode<K, V>* _parent; int _bf; // balance factor AVLTreeNode(const pair<K, V>& kv) :_kv(kv) , _left(nullptr) , _right(nullptr) , _parent(nullptr) , _bf(0) {} }; template<class K, class V> class AVLTree { typedef AVLTreeNode<K, V> Node; public: bool Insert(const pair<K, V>& kv) { if (_root == nullptr) { _root = new Node(kv); return true; } Node* parent = nullptr; Node* cur = _root; while (cur) { if (cur->_kv.first < kv.first) { parent = cur; cur = cur->_right; } else if (cur->_kv.first > kv.first) { parent = cur; cur = cur->_left; } else { return false; } } cur = new Node(kv); if (parent->_kv.first < kv.first) { parent->_right = cur; } else { parent->_left = cur; } // 链接父亲 cur->_parent = parent; // 控制平衡 // 更新平衡因子 while (parent) { if (cur == parent->_left) parent->_bf--; else parent->_bf++; if (parent->_bf == 0) { break; } else if (parent->_bf == 1 || parent->_bf == -1) { cur = parent; parent = parent->_parent; } else if (parent->_bf == 2 || parent->_bf == -2) { if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == -1) { RotateR(parent); } else if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == 1) { RotateL(parent); } else if (parent->_bf == -2 && cur->_bf == 1) { RotateLR(parent); } else if (parent->_bf == 2 && cur->_bf == -1) { RotateRL(parent); } else { assert(false); } break; } else { assert(false); } } return true; } void RotateR(Node* parent) { Node* subL = parent->_left; Node* subLR = subL->_right; parent->_left = subLR; if(subLR) subLR->_parent = parent; Node* pParent = parent->_parent; subL->_right = parent; parent->_parent = subL; if (parent == _root) { _root = subL; subL->_parent = nullptr; } else { if (pParent->_left == parent) { pParent->_left = subL; } else { pParent->_right = subL; } subL->_parent = pParent; } subL->_bf = 0; parent->_bf = 0; } void RotateL(Node* parent) { Node* subR = parent->_right; Node* subRL = subR->_left; parent->_right = subRL; if (subRL) subRL->_parent = parent; Node* parentParent = parent->_parent; subR->_left = parent; parent->_parent = subR; if (parentParent == nullptr) { _root = subR; subR->_parent = nullptr; } else { if (parent == parentParent->_left) { parentParent->_left = subR; } else { parentParent->_right = subR; } subR->_parent = parentParent; } parent->_bf = subR->_bf = 0; } void RotateLR(Node* parent) { Node* subL = parent->_left; Node* subLR = subL->_right; int bf = subLR->_bf; RotateL(parent->_left); RotateR(parent); if (bf == -1) { subLR->_bf = 0; subL->_bf = 0; parent->_bf = 1; } else if (bf == 1) { subLR->_bf = 0; subL->_bf = -1; parent->_bf = 0; } else if (bf == 0) { subLR->_bf = 0; subL->_bf = 0; parent->_bf = 0; } else { assert(false); } } void RotateRL(Node* parent) { Node* subR = parent->_right; Node* subRL = subR->_left; int bf = subRL->_bf; RotateR(parent->_right); RotateL(parent); if (bf == 0) { subR->_bf = 0; subRL->_bf = 0; parent->_bf = 0; } else if (bf == 1) { subR->_bf = 0; subRL->_bf = 0; parent->_bf = -1; } else if (bf == -1) { subR->_bf = 1; subRL->_bf = 0; parent->_bf = 0; } else { assert(false); } } void InOrder() { _InOrder(_root); cout << endl; } int Height() { return _Height(_root); } int Size() { return _Size(_root); } bool IsBalanceTree() { return _IsBalanceTree(_root); } Node* Find(const K& key) { Node* cur = _root; while (cur) { if (cur->_kv.first < key) { cur = cur->_right; } else if (cur->_kv.first > key) { cur = cur->_left; } else { return cur; } } return nullptr; } private: void _InOrder(Node* root) { if (root == nullptr) { return; } _InOrder(root->_left); cout << root->_kv.first << ":" << root->_kv.second << endl; _InOrder(root->_right); } int _Height(Node* root) { if (root == nullptr) return 0; int leftHeight = _Height(root->_left); int rightHeight = _Height(root->_right); return leftHeight > rightHeight ? leftHeight + 1 : rightHeight + 1; } int _Size(Node* root) { if (root == nullptr) return 0; return _Size(root->_left) + _Size(root->_right) + 1; } bool _IsBalanceTree(Node* root) { // 空树也是AVL树 if (nullptr == root) return true; // 计算pRoot结点的平衡因子:即pRoot左右子树的高度差 int leftHeight = _Height(root->_left); int rightHeight = _Height(root->_right); int diff = rightHeight - leftHeight; // 如果计算出的平衡因子与pRoot的平衡因子不相等,或者 // pRoot平衡因子的绝对值超过1,则一定不是AVL树 if (abs(diff) >= 2) { cout << root->_kv.first << "高度差异常" << endl; return false; } if (root->_bf != diff) { cout << root->_kv.first << "平衡因子异常" << endl; return false; } // pRoot的左和右如果都是AVL树,则该树一定是AVL树 return _IsBalanceTree(root->_left) && _IsBalanceTree(root->_right); } private: Node* _root = nullptr; };