外文文献
智能校园与学习管理系统
Smart Campus with A Learning Management System
院(部)名称：计算机科学与技术学院
专 业：数据科学与大数据技术
班 级：数据科学211
学生姓名：
学 号：2107381126
指导教师姓名：葛洪芳
指导教师职称：副教授
2024年2月27日
Smart Campus with A Learning Management System
Abstract:Education now requires fast data access and new breakthroughs to support education in Indonesia. Data-based business opportunities that use campus-specific portals in Indonesian education are not new, but also not all levels of education have implemented this system. The purpose of this study is to describe the benefits of using an internal portal campus for the advancement of education and to analyze business opportunities in education. This study used a descriptive method to illustrate the accuracy of the benefits using the campus internal Learning Management System as well as using previous research related to the study. To access data quickly, collages need to build an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, which does not require small capital to build ICT infrastructure, on the other hand, the Learning Management System is an alternative solution for students and lectures. The results of this study show that the function of the Learning Management System is useful in the education field because it can reduce computing costs and increase opportunities for the ICT industry.
1.Introduction
Nowadays, business is starting to compete globally, not only in terms of satisfying customers and the best service but can also contribute to improve the intelligence of the nation through the world of education. The world of education means the availability of channels or facilities that can be used to deliver educational programs. Today's education world requires fast and accurate data access. With the campus internal portal system, we can control all activities at the campus through mobile devices, tablets, laptops, or PCs from home. As a result, the system will be integrated from the central database and the control system (automation system) can monitor the activities of lecturers and students. With this integration, campus leaders can control teaching and learning activities as well as educational information devices[1].
Learning Management System (LMS) is a combination of hardware, internet network technology, and virtualization simultaneously. LMS is also an evidence of the rapid technological advancements so that it can provide direct education to students easily. LMS is a central of all administration systems, such as student administration, lecture evaluations, attendance, e-Learning, Assignments, Quizzes, as well as Midterm and Final Examination[2]. To make the system interesting and easy for users, a special content management system was developed in the Smart Campus. The complete system consists of a set of flares and applications that can be accessed using a smartphone or PC as well as a Laptop[3]. LMS not only facilitates in various aspects of campus administration but also increases job satisfaction such as productivity in working and achieving work quality improvement. This can be seen from significant numbers based on several variables measured to see the effectiveness the use of LMS. The variables measured include work quality, productivity, and lecturer satisfaction[4]. LMS is present as a paradigm shift in the delivery of information technology resources and services[5]. LMSis a media that has the main purpose for customization based on user experience and responses. In other words, LMS provides almost everything that is needed by the user simultaneously in one place[6]. LMS is created as a complement to the education field, it is concentrating heavily on teaching activities as well as learning support activities[7]. In recent years, LMS is considered as a sufficient technology for flexibility in the application and scaling of applications, which are derived in stages from the administration, learning, and various examinations[8]. LMS refers to applications that provide educational services via the Internet that integrates the hardware and software systems from data centers[9]. The LMS service also has a function as an interactive campus internal education calendar[10].
The purpose of this study is to describe the benefits of using an internal portal campus for the advancement of education and to analyze business opportunities in education. This study used descriptive methods to illustrate the accuracy of the benefits of using the campus internal Learning Management System.
2. Method
This study used descriptive methods to illustrate the accuracy of the benefits of using an internal campus Learning Management System. In addition, this research also used previous research related to the development of Learning Management Systems as a reference and comparison. This research was conducted at a private campus in Bandung city named Universitas Komputer Indonesia.
3. Results and Discussion
Learning Management Systems can be used to monitor staff and students, as well as keep track of assessment and training records. Lecturers can determine whether their course is run for several students in a long period or in a shorter period. The Learning Management System makes it easier for lecturers to deliver their course and help the course to run smoothly. LMS also has a reporting system. LMS offers various features such as the following features:
Easy GUI
GUI which stands of Graphical User Interface makes LMS users can customize the options. Therefore, they can have a unique display according to their preferences.
Customization
LMS offers several different customization options to correspond according to the user needs.Language choices, notification settings, and other important features can be changed based on user desires.
Enrollment
This system allows students to register online and see the progress of the course as well as the results of the tests that students have.
Virtual class (Virtual Classroom)
This feature helps lecturers to schedule their sessions. This might give the lecturers the ability to send invitations or reminders for class sessions and integrate with the online calendar system, or with outlook.
Social network
Some LMS might be able to integrate with social media so the users can share content or news items via Twitter, Facebook, and etc.
Means of Communication
The LMS system must also have an ability to built-in functions for communicating with students, such as sending mass emails to the students in a particular course, to individual students, or to students who are learning certain pathways. The system also can send the schedule automated through e-mails, which can be very useful for informing students about upcoming virtual tests or class sessions. LMS might provide a chat room or forum that lecturers and students can use.
Reports
The LMS has a reporting system that users can enter, generate reports that can export to Excel, and offers a graphical representation of data for easy understanding.
Learning Management System provides a variety of features that can help students to find out what activities the students are currently taking, such as ongoing classes, calendars to view upcoming events, and important information related to the lectures. If the students log in to the LMS, they will be directed to the student dashboard. The student dashboard displays a page that contains a notification of students' activities such as assignments and task deadlines (see Figure 1).
Figure 1. LMS Dashboard
The learning management system also provides a calendar feature that contains information about the tasks that must be done by the deadlines specified. This feature is helpful to remind students about the tasks to be performed and the deadline so that students can complete the task on time (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. LMS Calendar
One of the functions of the LMS is students can take classes according to the semester they are currently in, then after taking classes students will go to my course page. On the course page, students can see what classes are going on and how far the process is. On this page, students can also see a list of students who are also currently accessing LMS. The system also provides online discussion forums, discussion mailing lists, and chat (see Figure 3).
Figure 3. Course Page
After downloading the material provided by the lecturer, students will automatically be present in attendance. This is one of the features that are very helpful in the student attendance process. Wherestudents no longer need to sign absences in a class, only by downloading material, students have been declared to be present. Certainly, attendance is following the policies of each lecturer. For the effectiveness, every time students download material they must read and understand the material, and the lecturer will conduct tests in the form of questions about the material provided. For students who do not understand the material, they will be assisted by the lecturer by providing guidance and for students who have not read the material are allowed to read first before attending the class (see Figure 4).
Figure 4. Course on progress
LMS has many classes in it, both from one or more faculties. The existing system requires every student who wants to take the class to enter the enrolment key. Enrolment keys can be obtained from lecturers in the class that the students want to attend. This feature helps to minimize students from entering the wrong class (see Figure 5).
Figure 5. Class Enrolment key
4. Conclusion
The education world requires the availability of all facilities that can be used to deliver educational programs. Education today needs access to data quickly and accurately. By using LMS services, users can access information anywhere and anytime. The campus can also maximize funds and provide the best service to students and lectures. Besides, this system can integrate all educational information in a website or application, ranging from administration, special email account services, materials, examinations, and attendance to the academic calendar. Other than that, business opportunities are also open for web developers to collaborate with Indonesian schools or campuses since they can facilitate service providers.
References
[1] Conde, M. Á., García-Peñalvo, F. J., Rodríguez-Conde, M. J., Alier, M., Casany, M. J., & Piguillem, J. (2014). An evolving Learning Management System for new educational environments using 2.0 tools. Interactive learning environments, 22(2), pp. 188-204.
[2] Plümicke, M. (2014). Integrated campus portal. In Novel Methods and Technologies for Enterprise Information Systems (pp. 249-260). Springer, Cham.
[3] Van Merode, D., Tabunshchyk, G., Patrakhalko, K., & Yuriy, G. (2016). Flexible technologies for smart campus. In 2016 13th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV) (pp. 64-68). IEEE.
[4] Luckyardi, S., & Syaroni, D. A. W. (2020). Assessment of Lecturer Satisfaction, Working Quality and Productivity Toward Learning Management System. In International Conference on Business, Economic, Social Science, and Humanities–Economics, Business and Management Track (ICOBEST-EBM 2019) (pp. 56-61). Atlantis Press.
[5] Zhu, Z. T., Yu, M. H., & Riezebos, P. (2016). A research framework of smart education. Smart learning environments, 3(1), pp. 4.
[6] Chen, N. S., Cheng, I. L., & Chew, S. W. (2016). Evolution is not enough: Revolutionizing current learning environments to smart learning environments. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), pp. 561-581.
[7] Lewis, T. L., Burnett, B., Tunstall, R. G., & Abrahams, P. H. (2014). Complementing anatomy education using three-dimensional anatomy mobile software applications on tablet computers. Clinical Anatomy, 27(3), pp. 313-320.
[8] Alshammari, S. H., Ali, M. B., & Rosli, M. S. (2016). The Influences of Technical Support, Self Efficacy and Instructional Design on the Usage and Acceptance of LMS: A Comprehensive Review. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 15(2), pp. 116-125.
[9] He, J., Lo, D. C. T., Xie, Y., & Lartigue, J. 2016. Integrating Internet of Things (IoT) into STEM undergraduate education: Case study of a modern technology infused courseware for embedded system course. In 2016 IEEE frontiers in education conference (FIE) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
[10] Andreassen, M., Hemmingsson, H., Boman, I. L., Danielsson, H., & Jaarsma, T. 2020. Feasibility of an Intervention for Patients with Cognitive Impairment Using an Interactive Digital Calendar with Mobile Phone Reminders (RemindMe) to Improve the Performance of Activities in Everyday Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), pp. 2222.
智能校园与学习管理系统
摘要：现今，教育领域切实需要能够快速地访问数据，并且需要实现新的突破，以此来为印度尼西亚的教育事业提供有力的支持。在印度尼西亚的教育领域中，利用特定的校园门户开展基于数据的商业机会这种情况并非新鲜事物了，然而，也并非所有教育阶段或层次都已经实际应用了这一系统。这项研究的目的是描述使用校园内部门户对于促进教育发展所带来的益处，并且分析教育领域中的商业机会。本研究采用了描述性研究方法，以便借助校园内部的学习管理系统来阐释这些益处的准确性，同时还运用了与该研究相关的先前研究成果来辅助说明。为了能够快速地访问数据，高校需要构建起一套信息与通信技术（ICT）基础设施，构建这样的ICT基础设施所需的资金投入并非小数目，另一方面，学习管理系统对于学生和教师授课而言是一种可供选择的解决方案。这项研究的结果表明，学习管理系统的功能在教育领域是十分有用的，因为它不仅能够降低计算成本，还能够为信息与通信技术（ICT）产业创造更多的发展机会。
第1章 导言
如今，商业领域已开始在全球范围内展开竞争，这种竞争不仅体现在满足客户需求以及提供最优质服务这些方面，而且还体现在商业能够通过教育领域来为提升国民的才智做出贡献。所谓的教育领域，指的是存在着一些可供利用的渠道或设施，这些渠道和设施能够被用来实施教育项目。在当今的教育领域，快速且精准地获取数据成为了一种迫切的需求。借助校园内部门户系统，我们能够在家中通过移动设备、平板电脑、笔记本电脑或者个人计算机，对校园内的所有活动进行掌控。如此一来，该系统将与中央数据库实现整合，而控制系统（自动化系统）便能够对教师和学生的各项活动进行监测。通过这种整合，校园的管理者们不仅可以对教学活动加以管理，还能对教育信息设备进行有效的控制[1]。
学习管理系统（LMS）是硬件、互联网网络技术以及虚拟化技术三者同时融合的产物。LMS也是技术飞速发展进步的一个有力证明，正因为如此，它能够轻松便捷地为学生提供直接的教育服务。LMS处于所有管理系统的核心地位，涵盖了诸如学生管理、课程评估、考勤管理、在线学习、作业布置与管理、测验考核，以及期中考试和期末考试等各类管理系统[2]。为了让系统对用户来说既充满趣味性又便于使用，在智能校园中专门开发了一套内容管理系统。这套完整的系统由一系列的功能模块和应用程序组成，用户可以通过智能手机、个人电脑或者笔记本电脑来访问这些功能模块和应用程序[3]。LMS不仅在校园管理的诸多方面带来了便利，而且还提升了工作满意度，例如在工作效率方面，以及实现工作质量提升方面。这一点可以从一些具有重要意义的数据中看出来，这些数据是基于为评估学习管理系统使用有效性而测量的若干变量得出的。所测量的变量涵盖了工作质量、工作效率以及教师的满意度[4]。LMS的出现，代表着在信息技术资源与服务的提供方式上发生了一种范式转变[5]。LMS是一种媒介，其主要目的在于基于用户的体验和反馈来进行个性化定制。换句话说，LMS几乎能在同一平台上同时提供用户所需的一切[6]。LMS是作为教育领域的一种补充而被开发出来的，它高度专注于教学活动以及学习支持活动[7]。近年来，LMS被认为是一种足够先进的技术，它能够为应用程序的应用和扩展提供灵活性，这种灵活性体现在该系统是从管理、学习以及各类考试等方面分阶段逐步发展而来的[8]。LMS指的是通过互联网提供教育服务的应用程序，这类应用程序将来自数据中心的硬件系统和软件系统整合在了一起[9]。LMS所提供的服务还具备一项功能，那就是充当一个交互式的校园内部教育日历[10]。
这项研究的目的在于阐述使用校园内部门户对于推动教育发展所带来的益处，并且分析教育领域中的商业机会。本研究采用了描述性研究方法，以此来阐释使用校园内部学习管理系统所带来益处的准确性。
第2章方法
本研究运用了描述性研究方法，以阐释使用校园内部学习管理系统所带来益处的准确性。此外，这项研究还借鉴了先前与学习管理系统发展相关的研究成果，将其作为参考依据和比较对象。本研究是在位于万隆市的一所名为印度尼西亚计算机大学的私立校园内开展的。
第3章结果和讨论
学习管理系统可用于对教职员工和学生进行监控，同时也能够对考核评估记录以及培训记录进行跟踪管理。教师们可以通过该系统来确定他们所教授的课程是面向若干学生进行长期授课，还是在较短的时间段内开展教学。学习管理系统让教师们在讲授课程时更加轻松便捷，并且有助于课程的顺利开展。LMS也有一个报告系统。LMS提供各种功能，例如以下功能：
简易GUI
GUI是 “图形用户界面”（Graphical User Interface）的英文缩写，它使得LMS的用户能够对各种选项进行个性化设置。因此，用户可以根据自己的喜好来打造出独具特色的界面显示效果。
定制化
LMS提供了多种不同的个性化定制选项，以便能够根据用户的需求进行相应调整。语言选择、通知设置以及其他一些重要功能特性都可以依据用户的意愿进行更改。
入学人数
这个系统允许学生进行在线注册，并且能够让学生查看课程的进展情况，同时还能让学生看到自己所参加测试的成绩。
虚拟课堂
这一功能特性有助于教师们对自己的课程安排进行规划。这或许能够赋予教师们发送课程邀请或提醒的能力，并且可以将这些安排与在线日历系统或者微软outlook日历软件进行整合。
社交网络
LMS或许能够与社交媒体进行集成，这样一来，用户就可以通过推特（Twitter）、脸书（Facebook）等社交媒体平台来分享内容或者新闻资讯。
沟通方式
LMS还必须具备一些内置的与学生进行沟通的功能，比如向选修某一特定课程的学生群发电子邮件，或者向个别学生发送邮件，又或者向学习特定课程路径的学生发送邮件。该系统还能够通过电子邮件自动发送课程安排表，这对于通知学生即将到来的虚拟测试或课程安排来说非常有用。LMS可能会提供一个聊天室或论坛，供教师和学生使用。
报告
LMS拥有一个报告系统，用户可以登录该系统，生成能够导出为Excel格式的报告，并且该系统还会以图表的形式展示数据，以便用户能够轻松理解数据内容。
学习管理系统提供了各种各样的功能，这些功能能够帮助学生了解自己当前正在参与的活动，比如正在进行的课程、用于查看即将到来事件的日历，以及与课程相关的重要信息。如果学生登录LMS，他们将会被引导至学生专属的控制面板。学生控制面板所显示的页面上包含了有关学生活动的通知，例如作业以及任务的截止日期等信息（见图1）。
图1 LMS仪表板
学习管理系统还具备日历功能，该功能所包含的信息涉及到那些必须在指定截止日期前完成的任务。这一功能有助于提醒学生需要完成的任务以及任务的截止日期，以便学生能够按时完成任务（见图2）。
图2 LMS日历
LMS的功能之一是学生能够根据自己当前所处的学期来选课上课，然后在选完课并开始上课之后，学生们会进入 “我的课程” 页面。在课程页面上，学生们可以看到正在进行的课程有哪些，以及课程的进展到了什么程度。在这个页面上，学生们还可以看到当前同样正在使用LMS的其他学生的名单。该系统还提供了在线讨论论坛、讨论邮件列表以及聊天功能（见图3）。
图3 课程页面
在下载了教师提供的学习资料后，学生将自动被记录为出勤状态。这是一项对学生考勤过程非常有帮助的功能。有了这项功能，学生们无需再在课堂上签到或签退，仅通过下载学习资料，就会被认定为已出勤。当然，具体的考勤情况还是要遵循每位教师制定的政策。为了确保这项功能的有效性，每次学生下载资料时，都必须阅读并理解这些资料内容，而且教师会以针对所提供资料设置问题的形式进行测试。对于那些不理解资料内容的学生，教师会提供指导来帮助他们；而对于那些还没有阅读资料的学生，则允许他们在上课前先进行阅读（见图4）。
图4 进展课程
LMS中设有许多课程，这些课程来自一个或多个不同的院系。现有的系统要求每一位想要选课的学生都必须输入选课密钥。选课密钥可以从学生想要参加的课程的授课教师那里获得。这一功能有助于最大程度地减少学生选错课程的情况发生（见图5）。
图5 班级注册密钥
第4章结论
教育领域需要具备所有能够用于开展教育项目的设施。如今的教育需要快速且准确地获取数据。通过使用LMS的服务，用户能够在任何地点、任何时间访问相关信息。校园也能够最大限度地利用资金，并为学生和教师提供最佳服务。此外，该系统能够将所有教育信息整合到一个网站或应用程序中，这些信息涵盖了从行政管理、专用电子邮件账户服务、学习资料、考试、考勤到学术日历等各个方面。除此之外，对于网络开发者而言，也存在着与印度尼西亚的学校或校园展开合作的商业机会，因为他们能够为服务提供商提供便利。
参考文献
[1] Conde, M. Á., García-Peñalvo, F. J., Rodríguez-Conde, M. J., Alier, M., Casany, M. J., & Piguillem, J. (2014). An evolving Learning Management System for new educational environments using 2.0 tools. Interactive learning environments, 22(2), pp. 188-204.
[2] Plümicke, M. (2014). Integrated campus portal. In Novel Methods and Technologies for Enterprise Information Systems (pp. 249-260). Springer, Cham.
[3] Van Merode, D., Tabunshchyk, G., Patrakhalko, K., & Yuriy, G. (2016). Flexible technologies for smart campus. In 2016 13th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV) (pp. 64-68). IEEE.
[4] Luckyardi, S., & Syaroni, D. A. W. (2020). Assessment of Lecturer Satisfaction, Working Quality and Productivity Toward Learning Management System. In International Conference on Business, Economic, Social Science, and Humanities–Economics, Business and Management Track (ICOBEST-EBM 2019) (pp. 56-61). Atlantis Press.
[5] Zhu, Z. T., Yu, M. H., & Riezebos, P. (2016). A research framework of smart education. Smart learning environments, 3(1), pp. 4.
[6] Chen, N. S., Cheng, I. L., & Chew, S. W. (2016). Evolution is not enough: Revolutionizing current learning environments to smart learning environments. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), pp. 561-581.
[7] Lewis, T. L., Burnett, B., Tunstall, R. G., & Abrahams, P. H. (2014). Complementing anatomy education using three-dimensional anatomy mobile software applications on tablet computers. Clinical Anatomy, 27(3), pp. 313-320.
[8] Alshammari, S. H., Ali, M. B., & Rosli, M. S. (2016). The Influences of Technical Support, Self Efficacy and Instructional Design on the Usage and Acceptance of LMS: A Comprehensive Review. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 15(2), pp. 116-125.
[9] He, J., Lo, D. C. T., Xie, Y., & Lartigue, J. 2016. Integrating Internet of Things (IoT) into STEM undergraduate education: Case study of a modern technology infused courseware for embedded system course. In 2016 IEEE frontiers in education conference (FIE) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
[10] Andreassen, M., Hemmingsson, H., Boman, I. L., Danielsson, H., & Jaarsma, T. 2020. Feasibility of an Intervention for Patients with Cognitive Impairment Using an Interactive Digital Calendar with Mobile Phone Reminders (RemindMe) to Improve the Performance of Activities in Everyday Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), pp. 2222.
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