基于.NET和C#构建光伏IoT物模型方案-程序员充电站

一、目前国内接入最常见、最有代表性的 4 类光伏设备

二、华为 SUN2000 逆变器通讯报文示例

这是一个标准 Modbus TCP 请求报文：

00 01 00 00 00 06 01 03 75 30 00 06

含义：

Modbus TCP 报文由两部分组成：

MBAP Header（7字节） + PDU（功能码 + 数据）

在光伏逆变器里，这类请求通常用于：

响应

这是一个标准的Modbus TCP 响应报文结构

00 01 00 00 00 0F 01 03 0C 09 C4 00 64 13 88 00 32

MBAP Header（7字节） + PDU（功能码 + 数据）

PDU数据解析

结合光伏业务的数值换算

厂家协议通常定义倍率（Scale）：

最终物模型字段赋值示例

{ “dcVoltage”: 250.0, “dcCurrent”: 10.0, “dcPower”: 5.0, “internalTemp”: 50 }

三、示例代码

报文请求构造 → 响应报文解析 → 寄存器解码 → 光伏设备物模型组织

目标：

协议层、解析层、物模型层解耦
方便后续做多品牌 Adapter + 配置化映射

代码结构

1、Modbus TCP 请求报文构造

ModbusRequest.cs

/* by 01130.hk - online tools website : 01130.hk/zh/tuya.html */ public class ModbusRequest { public ushort TransactionId { get; set; } public byte UnitId { get; set; } public byte FunctionCode { get; set; } = 0x03; public ushort StartAddress { get; set; } public ushort Quantity { get; set; } public byte[] ToBytes() { var buffer = new List<byte>(); // Transaction ID buffer.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(TransactionId).Reverse()); // Protocol ID (0x0000) buffer.Add(0x00); buffer.Add(0x00); // Length = UnitId + PDU ushort length = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2; buffer.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(length).Reverse()); // Unit ID buffer.Add(UnitId); // PDU buffer.Add(FunctionCode); buffer.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(StartAddress).Reverse()); buffer.AddRange(BitConverter.GetBytes(Quantity).Reverse()); return buffer.ToArray(); } }

2. Modbus TCP 响应解析

ModbusResponse.cs

/* by 01130.hk - online tools website : 01130.hk/zh/tuya.html */ public class ModbusResponse { public ushort TransactionId { get; set; } public byte UnitId { get; set; } public byte FunctionCode { get; set; } public byte ByteCount { get; set; } public byte[] Data { get; set; } }

ModbusParser.cs

public static class ModbusParser { public static ModbusResponse ParseResponse(byte[] response) { if (response.Length < 9) throw new Exception("Invalid Modbus response length"); var result = new ModbusResponse(); result.TransactionId = ReadUInt16(response, 0); ushort protocolId = ReadUInt16(response, 2); ushort length = ReadUInt16(response, 4); if (protocolId != 0) throw new Exception("Invalid Protocol ID"); result.UnitId = response[6]; result.FunctionCode = response[7]; result.ByteCount = response[8]; result.Data = response.Skip(9).Take(result.ByteCount).ToArray(); return result; } private static ushort ReadUInt16(byte[] buffer, int index) { return (ushort)((buffer[index] << 8) | buffer[index + 1]); } }

3. 寄存器解码（倍率 + 字节序）

RegisterDecoder.cs

public static class RegisterDecoder { public static ushort ReadUInt16(byte[] data, int registerIndex) { int offset = registerIndex * 2; return (ushort)((data[offset] << 8) | data[offset + 1]); } public static double ReadScaledValue( byte[] data, int registerIndex, double scale) { return ReadUInt16(data, registerIndex) / scale; } }

4、光伏设备物模型定义

PvThingModel.cs

public class PvThingModel { public double DcVoltage { get; set; } public double DcCurrent { get; set; } public double DcPower { get; set; } public double InternalTemperature { get; set; } public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; } = DateTime.UtcNow; }

5. 从响应到物模型的映射

public static class PvThingModelBuilder { public static PvThingModel FromModbus(ModbusResponse response) { var data = response.Data; return new PvThingModel { DcVoltage = RegisterDecoder.ReadScaledValue(data, 0, 10), // 30000 DcCurrent = RegisterDecoder.ReadScaledValue(data, 1, 10), // 30001 DcPower = RegisterDecoder.ReadScaledValue(data, 2, 1000), // 30002 InternalTemperature = RegisterDecoder.ReadUInt16(data, 3) // 30003 }; } }

6. 完整示例调用（Demo）

public class Demo { public static void Run() { // 1. 构造请求 var request = new ModbusRequest { TransactionId = 1, UnitId = 1, StartAddress = 30000, Quantity = 6 }; byte[] requestBytes = request.ToBytes(); // === 这里通常通过 TCP Socket 发送 requestBytes === // 2. 模拟接收到的响应报文 byte[] responseBytes = { 0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x01,0x03,0x0C, 0x09,0xC4,0x00,0x64,0x13,0x88,0x00,0x32 }; // 3. 解析响应 var response = ModbusParser.ParseResponse(responseBytes); // 4. 构建物模型 PvThingModel model = PvThingModelBuilder.FromModbus(response); Console.WriteLine($"DC Voltage: {model.DcVoltage} V"); Console.WriteLine($"DC Current: {model.DcCurrent} A"); Console.WriteLine($"DC Power: {model.DcPower} kW"); Console.WriteLine($"Temperature: {model.InternalTemperature} ℃"); } }